A former US marine, Paul Whelan, has been sentenced to 16 years in prison by a Russian court on spying charges.
Whelan was arrested 18 months ago with a USB flash drive which security officers say contained state secrets.
The Moscow City Court found him guilty of receiving classified information.
Whelan has previously denied the charge and said he thought the drive contained holiday photos.
He denounced the closed trial as a “sham” ahead of the verdict.
The US ambassador to Moscow, John J Sullivan, said the conviction would harm Russia-US relations.
Paul Whelan joined the US Marine Reserves in 1994, about six years after he had reportedly begun work as a police officer in Michigan.